HISTORY OF ASIA Essays - Chinese Civil War, Chinese Communists

HISTORY OF ASIA HISTORY OF ASIA August of 1917 Japan was ready to reap her benefits of imperialism and she had her eyes on China. The exchange of the Lansing -Ishii Notes between the U.S. and Japan, this agreement granted territorial superiority of China to Japan. Japan interest in China mostly economic. The Japanese population was growing, cities were crowded, and consumer goods were scares and its standard of living extremely low. A major earthquake also adds to Japans plight. Japan was a small island limited in natural resources and inhabitable space. The Japanese saw the turmoil in China as an opportunity to divide conquer and move in. Japan had been recognized as one of the Big Five powers and held a seat on the Council of the League of Nations. Japan had secured economic success during WWI. Japan had large textile factories, submarines, and fleets. At the Washington Naval Conference Japan was angered at its ratio of ships. It blamed the outcome on the U.S. Japan did however agree to withdraw from Shantung, and from Siberia. The Great Depression ate away at Japans economic power unable to export silk, agricultural goods and limited goods were being imported. Japan was looking to plant its people on foreign soil, Chinas soil. Japan felt it was treated unfair by the U.S. and Great Britain and eventually signed the Anti- Comintern Pact in 1937with Germany. Russia had already begin planting its Communist ideas in China, Japan needed an ally. By 1940 the United States had banned exports to Japan such as scrape metal and fuel. Japan leaders were worried they had been using reserves. Japan invaded Dutch Indonesia and only received a small amount of fuel. Japan asks all British and American s to leave. On Dec 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The Pacific War could have been avoided if Japan and the United States had more open lines of communication. Japan made a lot of its foreign policy decision after the Washington Naval Conference that didn't improve her standing with United States or Britain. Mao tse-deng was leader and revolutionary strategist of the Chinese Communist revolution. Growing up Mao had witnessed first hand experience of peasant mistreatment. Mao was a leader who was in touch with the people. His career begins in 1921 with the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, which met in Shanghai. The Party began with 50 members and by 1989 had risen to 48,000,000. Mao would use communist tactics, such as propaganda to organize peasant rebellion. During the Nationalist decade Mao was forced to escape from the KMT by hiding in the Jingang Mountains, where he and other leader developed guerilla tactics. After escaping the encirclement at Jiang, Mao embarked upon the Long March. The Long March first purpose was to escape the KMT, but eventually turned campaign with Mao slogan "Go north to fight the Japanese". Mao gained the title of chairman of the Politburo. The Long March gives insight to Mao excellent leadership and strategic abilities. Mao took advantage of every moment and used it towards the advancement of the CCP. After the Long March Mao trained the Army and Party cadres, which allowed for a smooth, take over on1949. During the Communist Revolution Mao aimed at creating a new type of man, through thought control. He set up training periods first meeting in small groups and later in public to confess their guilt, repent, and become cleansed and new determination. The civil war ended in 1949 and the KMT was defeated. The CCP's first form of government was the People's Political Consultative Council founded in September 1949 with 662 delegates. The country was divided in to six regions, with a bureau of military and political authority. Mao interest in the peasant's welfare made land reform priority on the new governments list. The Agrarian Law of 1950 permitted a small cadre to carry on struggle meetings in villages to identify those people who had mistreated peasants. Once identified those persons would be parade before a Peoples Court. The accused were condemned, executed, reeducated or sent to labor camps. The government set up peasant association, which arranged the classification of land by productivity, the confiscation, and the redistribution those chosen to receive it. Landlords or rich peasant would have all or most of their land confiscated. Middle peasant usually kept their land, the poor peasant and the landless farm laborers received an allotment of land. The average allotment given was one third of an acre. The land reform showed the crueler side of the CCP over two millions Chinese died in a five year period under the