Restorative Justice Methods Can Be Substituted For...

Abstract This proposal focuses on the issue of youth incarceration and how restorative justice methods can be substituted for incarceration to yield better and more effective results. Restorative justice holds the belief that â€Å"criminal punishments are more effective when they cause the offender to make amends with their victims as well as their communities. By using a phenomenological approach the study seeks to discover the essence of experiences of multiple individuals who have experienced restorative justice approaches. Data will be collected through the use of face-to-face interviews, focus groups, as well as transcripts from restorative justice circles. The study will be approached from a critical theory lens and thus it aims to create change to flawed societal systems. This information is a key component to increasing the likelihood of success for juvenile criminals and it will also assist tax payers by saving their money rather. Introduction Every year thousands of youth are incarcerated for petty crimes or crimes that they may not have fully understood at the time. Incarcerating youth not only sets them up for failure, but it also costs the tax payers of this country millions of dollars every year (Rejust paper). Although it seems just for a person to do the time after committing a crime, perhaps there is an alternative to incarceration. The most appropriate alternative to incarceration appears to be restorative justice. Restorative justice is basedShow MoreRelated Community Based Corrections: Viable Alternative to Incarceration1679 Words   |  7 Pagesefficient low cost methods of supporting public safety, community rehabilitation, behavior modification and personnel responsibility, because it uses multiple approaches and involves both legislative and judicial personnel in all steps of the process. Community-based corrections facilities are located in the community and support diverse rehabilitative pro grams including restitution, community service and repayment of monetary fines (Moses, 2007). Community-based correction is not incarceration; there isRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagessociety has to punish a criminal is to secure justice. The state has to protect its existence, assess what is right for the people based on moral principles, which vindicated. The giving of punishment, which is exercised by society, is the fulfillment of service and satisfaction of a duty to the people it protects. ï  ½ PENALTY- it is the suffering that is inflicted by the state for the transgression of law. ï  ½ PUNISHMENT- an instrument of public justice. a. It is inflicted by the group in its corporate

Essay about Sir Isaac Newton’s Principia and the Royal...

The publication of Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica is widely considered an extraordinary event in the history of science. In the Principia, Newton introduced a system of mechanical explanation of the world that revolutionized physics. Of particular importance in the Principia was Newton’s mathematical demonstration of the existence of the force of gravity, which he demonstrated to be at work in a wide range of phenomena. But as revolutionary as Newton’s discovery and demonstration was, the Principia also represented a revolution in the goals of science. Newton’s Principia helped to shift the course of science from an effort to â€Å"find first causes† into an attempt to â€Å"establish a set of principles †¦ to predict and to retrodict the†¦show more content†¦The most fundamental impact of the existence of the Royal Society on the trajectory of scientific inquiry was its fostering of a community of scientific intellectuals. The Royal Society provided a journal for publishing scientific works (the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society), a prestigious title for its elected â€Å"Fellows,† and even salaried jobs for its officers. With this support for the work of intellectuals dedicated to science, the Royal Society promoted a network of individuals with which those with new ideas could cooperate, correspond, and debate. This function of the Royal Society deeply impacted both the creation and the dissemination of Isaac Newton’s ideas. Indeed, before the Principia, Newton was reluctant to publish his mathematical or scientific works, opting instead to perfect and disseminate his discoveries by corresponding with other intellectuals. It was the Royal Society’s creation of a community of intellectuals that allowed for this process to occur: most of Newton’s correspondents were either direct employees or elected Fellows of the Royal Society, such as Henry Oldenbu rg, Edmond Halley, John Craig, John Collins, and others. Further, even when unpublished, many of Newton’s manuscripts were deposited at the library Royal Society in London for others to read and learn from. This network of individuals in a focused scientific community would prove an invaluable resource for Newton inShow MoreRelatedThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages Sir Isaac Newton was a well educated person. He wrote on many topics including math, science, religion, and even philosophy. He also held many high ranking positions such as a member of the Royal Society and being the Master of the Mint. Information about his life and achievements will be discussed in the following paragraphs, along with how the achievements relate to the humanities base theme of faith and reason. Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day in 1642. This is theRead MoreEssay on The Life of Sir Isaac Newton 1394 Words   |  6 Pagesthe centuries, math has evolved in an astounding way. Since the beginning of time, there have been many mathematicians that has influenced and contributed to the math we know today. None compares to the work of Sir Isaac Newton. He was influential as a person, as well as in his work. Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Wools Thorpe, Lincolnshire. Shortly after his father’s death, Newton was born premature and was not expected to survive. After his father’s death, his mother got remarriedRead More Biography of Isaac Newton Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pages Isaac Newton was a key figure in the development of the age of reason. His achievements revolutionized physics and mathematics and he has been recognized as an undisputed genius (Gardner 13). Newton was a intriguing individual who played an important role in the advancement of the scientific community of his time and of today. Newton was born on Christmas day in 1642 to a widowed farming mother. When he was three his mother left him in the care of his grandmother, so she could remarry (WestfallRead MoreThe Achievements Of Isaac Newton1368 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific life that we live in today. One of the most influential scientists would be that of Sir Isaac Newton. Newton was a prominent philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and scientist during the 17th century. The accomplishments completed within his life helped in contributing and shaping the fact that he was one of the single-most influential scientists of his time. On January 4, 1643, Isaac Newton was born in the Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England colony. His birth date, using theRead More The Union of Science and Religion through Isaac Newton Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagespremature baby boy was born. The boy, Isaac Newton, proved to be a survivor and grew into a religiously and intellectually strong man. Intrigued by the universe that God created, Newtons faith inspired him to make many of the greatest scientific discoveries in the history of man. Newton discovered gravity, explained the motion of planets, and knew how to turn white light into a rainbow. He wrote one of the greatest scientific works of all time: The Principia. Newton believed that religion and scienceRead MoreSir Isaac Newton s Theory Of Light And Color743 Words   |  3 PagesSir Isaac Newton was one of the most scientific intellects of all time who was a highly regarded mathematician and physicist. He was credited as one of the greatest in the scientific revolution. He also attended Cambridge University. He developed the principles of modern physics through his work in Philosophiae and Naturalis Principia Mathemaica. Philosophaie was said to be, â€Å"the single most influential book on physics,† because it has information on nearly all essential concepts of physics (biographyRead MoreSir Isaac Newton : The Father Of Modern Physics1185 Words   |  5 Pageswould be remembered Sir Isaac Newton once said,I do not know what I may appear to the world; but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself now and then in finding a smoother pebble or prettier shell than ordinary, while the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me(bio.com)†Today, one of the most highly regarded scientists is still Sir Isaac Newton. He should be remembered as the father of modern physics. Sir Isaac Newton was born on JanRead MoreLisa Jardine s Ingenious Pursuits : Building The Scientific Revolution1291 Words   |  6 Pagesupon. The suspicion of these scientific facts quickly grew to an open challenging of these facts, The Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is something we have all studied in our grade school years and the discoveries of people such as Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei are well documented and arguably common knowledge but Jardine’s book Ingenious Pursuits encapsulates the scientific revolution in a new light. Jardine accomplishes this by telling the stories of some of the greatest achievementsRead MoreEssay on The Contributions of Isaac Newton973 Words   |  4 Pages Sir Isaac Newton is considered by many people to be the greatest scientist that ever lived. He made key fundamental contributions to mathematics and physics. His revolutionary advances in math, optics, physics, and astronomy are bases for the principles we use today. A little known fact about Newtons legacy is that if you look in an encyclopedia of science, it will reveal at least 2 to 3 times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist. Newton was bornRead MoreThe Life and Work of Isaac Newton Essay2202 Words   |  9 Pages Sir Isaac Newton has been considered one of the most outstanding scientists of all time. He has often been portrayed as a man who saw the world in absolutes and adopted an image of a scientist who after centuries of ignorance and superstition gave rise to a time of empirical science in a modern world. However various sources have personified Newton in a different light. There is evidence to suggest that Newton was a seeker of a synthesis of all knowledge and believed

Health Demand and Needs Discussion

Question: Discuss about the Health Demand and Needs Discussion. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this discussion is to provide a constructive feedback on students view on the difference between patients demand for health care and the needs of health care in health care setting. The subject and issue raised by student will be critically evaluated with evidence from different research studies and application of theoretical concepts. Based on the evaluation, feedback will be given regarding why I agree or disagree with students view on health care demand. Constructive feedback The students response depicts inappropriate usage of health service with some people seeking care service even when they do not need immediate medical attention and on the other hand, people with acute illness not being able to seek or demand health service even in case of worsening health. The research study by Fernandes et al., (2016) also provides evidence to the fact that expectation of high and safe quality of care is compromised due to inappropriate use of emergency care service. The performance and quality of health care suffers due to added cost on medical infrastructure due to inappropriate usage of service and decreased efficiency in service. The study gave the implication that misconception about the severity of disease condition among patients might be leading to inappropriate health care demand among patients. Therefore, socio-demographic characatristic and clinical profile of patient can act as an important determinant in anaysing the seriousness of health condition. Th is contrasting situation of usage of health care service reveals that it is leading to wastage of health care resource and sufficient action is needed to reduce unnecessary medical cost. The concept of demand and need is an economic concept. Demand is an indicator of the amount of purchase or consumption or use of product or services by people and need is a multifaceted concept based on individual views and judgment. The main reason for analysis of patients demand and needs in health care was to identify the factors affecting use of medical service and the students response revealed that education and human capital plays key role in determining the choice of consumer (Batinti, 2015). Therefore, well educated person will have greater idea in making healthier life choices and taking decision on level of engagement in health care service to prevent diseases. However, I do not agree with this view as evidence suggests that human factor system approaches is also a critical factor in balancing the work system of health care and improving the safety and quality of care (Carayon et al., 2014). The students response also suggested the impact of pricing on demand for health services. The supply and demand concept reveals that demand curve changes with changes in price. When the supply is high, then the consumer has option to choose many alternatives and this will lead to reduction in prices, while the dip in supply leads to increase in pricing. However, students response showed that demand is independent of supply and when a person is seriously ill, then he will have to seek medical service at any cost (Enthoven, 2014). The choice of service may differ according the financial status of patients. I also agree with this view of student as the technical approach to demand is not relevant for health care service. This is because many patients are not aware of this marginal valuation of price and they may be paying medical cost irrespective of their exact cost. The comparison of price of health care for different country is also difficult due to market power. A private firm may b e seeking maximum profit from patients while the government hospital may not be able to maximize profit. This may have affect on the performance of health care too (Stange, 2014). The students response also gave implications for overlap of need and demands. The main concept behind this statement was that health care plan often focuses on needs of population and not individual health care needs of patient. However, several studies reveals that health service and support is not equally distributed ill patients. A person in immediate need of service fails to get access to this service while those who do not require immediate medical attention get frequent medical treatment. This leads to wastage of medical resource and progression of vulnerability to fatal disease in certain group of people. Another important thought coming from the students response is regarding the choice of health service of patients based on four types of social needs which are as follows: Normative need which are defined by health professionals Felt need influenced by patients perception and knowledge in health care Expressed needs by which a felt need is converted into action which may not be required immediately. Comparative need based on needs required by patients with similar disease or illness characteristics (Levesque, Harris, Russell, 2013). Considering the students response on difference between patients demand and needs in medical service, I agree with students view that demand and supply is inelastic in medical market and it is not influenced by up and downs in the market. The patients choice in medical decision is influenced by their own perception and values in life, economic and non-economic variables of medical service and health care funds and insurance in countries (Chandra, Cutler, Song, 2012). Hence, it is quite possible that two patients with same illness might receive same medical treatment at drastically different cost. Therefore, action of health care is needed to provide holistic care to patients in actual need of health service and eliminating waste of health care resources. Conclusion The students response gave an idea about the demands in health care service and the key points was that patients demand is influenced by human capital however the demand is not dependent on price of health care service. The demand of health care market is flexible and it is based on immediate needs of patients. However, discrepancies in patients demand occur due to different in perception of social needs among individual. On the whole, the discussion is in agreement of students view and all argument and support statement was backed by valid evidence from literature. Reference Batinti, A. (2015). On Medical Progress and Health Care Demand: A Ces Perspective Using the Grossman Model of Health Status.Health economics,24(12), 1632-1637. Carayon, P., Wetterneck, T. B., Rivera-Rodriguez, A. J., Hundt, A. S., Hoonakker, P., Holden, R., Gurses, A. P. (2014). Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety.Applied ergonomics,45(1), 14-25. Chandra, A., Cutler, D., Song, Z. (2012). Who ordered that? The economics of treatment choices in medical care.Handbook of health economics,2, 397-432. Enthoven, A. C. (2014).Theory and practice of managed competition in health care finance. Elsevier. Fernandes, T., Botelho, A., Dias, I. C., Pinto, L. C., Teixeira, J., Veiga-Benesch, P. (2016).Choice of emergency health services: an experimental study(No. 65). Ncleo de Investigao em Microeconomia Aplicada (NIMA), Universidade do Minho. Levesque, J. F., Harris, M. F., Russell, G. (2013). Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations.International journal for equity in health,12(1), 1. Stange, K. (2014). How does provider supply and regulation influence health care markets? Evidence from nurse practitioners and physician assistants.Journal of Health Economics,33, 1-27.

Jamie Katzaman April 10, 1996 Columbus And The New World CHRISTIANITY

Jamie Katzaman April 10, 1996 Columbus and the New World CHRISTIANITY IN THE NEW WORLD The Catholic Church during the Middle Ages played an all encompassing role over the lives of the people and the government. As the Dark Ages came to a close the ideas of the Renaissance started to take hold, and the church's power gradually began to wain. The monarchies of Europe also began to grow replacing the church's power. Monarchies, at the close of the Middle Ages and the dawn of the Renaissance, did not so much seek the guidance of the church as much as it sought their approval. However, the Church during the Age of Discovery was still a major influence. The discovery of the New World and its previously unknown inhabitants presented new problems in the Catholic Church in the late 14th and early 15th century. When Spain's rulers and emissaries decided to physically conquer and populate the New World, and not just trade with it, the transplantation of Christian institutions followed. The c hurch established contact with the New World, and made it a goal to establish the Catholic doctrines among the native population there. The Catholic Church and the Spanish monarch, however, looked upon the native population in the New World as souls to be saved. They did not consider or treat the Indians as equals. The implanting of Christianity in the New World, and the treatment of the native population by the missionaries and christian conquerors was detrimental to New World. Through men such as Cortez and Las Casas accounts of the conversions have been recorded. One of the reasons for this was the alliance of the Catholic Church with the Spanish monarchy. The status of the Indians was disregarded as the Christian conquers and missionaries who wanted to convert them subjected them to violence and reduced them to a laboring population. The Indians, however did not always respond in a negative way to the work of the church. The Catholic Church arrived in the New World immediately after Christopher Columbus laid claim to it for Spain. After Columbus's discovery of the new lands he wrote a series of treatise as to what the European purpose there was. Columbus, in his writings, said that the purpose of the New World was two fold. He said that the gospel message of the church should be spread globally beginning with his discoveries in the New World. Second, he stated that the riches discovered in the New World should be dedicated to the recapture of Jerusalem from the Moslems. Columbus saw the discovery of the New World as a prophesy coming true. He saw the Indians that lived there as a labor source that should be christianized and used for the greater good of the church. Two papal bulls were issued in the year of 1493 that established the Spanish position in the New World. They also established the role that the church was going to play in the New World. The first bull was issued on May 3 and it was called Inter Caetera. It said that the lands discovered by Spanish envoys not previously under a christian owner could be claimed by Spain. The bull also gave the Spanish monarch the power to send men to convert the natives to the Catholic faith and instruct them in Catholic morals. The second papal bull issued that year expanded on the meaning of the first. The bull fixed a boundary for Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence in the New World. This boundary heavily favored Spain futher showing the alliance between Spain and the Church. The history of the Catholic Church in the New World began in the year after Columbus' first voyage. The Spanish monarchy sent the first missionaries to establish Christianity there. The number of missions sent to the New World accelerated in tempo until the final decade of the 16th century. The crown paid for the sending of missionaries, and its officials kept track of the many "shiploads" of religious personnel sent and of the expenses they incurred. The records show that the Spanish dispatched missio naries to more than 65 destinations, ranging from Florida and California to Chile and the Strait